There are too many things wrong with that planet, besides the name. With as clearly and largely as Spock could see Vulcan from that planet, the planets would have to be close, so close that their gravitational forces would cause issues. (earthquakes, etc.) Not to mention the fact that Delta Vega likely would have been pulled into the artificial black hole as well. Plus, it's awfully convenient that Nero would destroy Vulcan at a time where their orbits were that close, as we know that planets with close orbits (Neptune and Jupiter) aren't usually that close together. Of course, it could be a moon, but Vulcan has no moon. That was established on TOS. (unless you count the planets/moons you can supposedly see from Vulcan in the theatrical cut of TMP, but those contradict TOS and cause the same proximity issues as the Vulcan/Detla Vega proximity does and that was corrected for the DVD release anyway, where Vulcan was made to look more like it did in STIII and STIV)